So What If I Told You I Can Mathematically Prove The
Universe Was Created In Just Six Days... and Billions of Years?
The oldest recorded account of the beginning/creation of the universe is in the first chapter of the Old Testament/Torah......Genesis.
In Genesis, it is written that Yahuweh created everything in six days. It seems that most people believe that is scientifically impossible.
So what if I told you that I can mathematically prove the universe was created in six days; just as it is written in the Genesis acccount?
Read on!
Yahweh’s open letter to mankind began: “In (near, with, and in proximity to, regarding the account of) the beginning (at the start of time and the initiation of the process of existence, concerning first fruits and the head of the family), God (the Mighty One) accordingly created (performed a miracle, choosing perfect transformation and renewed birth, conceived, planned, prepared, and produced) the universe, the spiritual world (the heavens and the abode of stars) and also the material realm (matter, the physical and natural world). The material realm (the natural substance of which the universe is comprised, matter) exists formless, as an orderless and empty void, obscured in darkness along with (beside and together with) the presence of the inaccessible and mysterious depths (the abyss or lightless places). And the Spirit (ruwach) of God (‘elohym) washed, purified, and hovered over (quickly and rapidly moved) in accordance with (upon, concerning, beside, on behalf of, on account of, and together with) the presence of water.
“God said, ‘Let there be (exist) light, and light existed. God saw (perceived and regarded, appeared and presented Himself, became visible, found delight in, and distinguished that) the light was good (pleasant, cheerful, and agreeable; of a higher nature; beautiful, valuable, beneficial and prosperous). And God separated (divided and set apart) light from darkness (obscurity, that which shrouds in blackness, veils by withholding knowledge, imperfects and clouds revelation with ominous and sinister suggestions, concealing and mystifying by way of ignorance and confusion).” (Genesis 1:1-4)
God’s creative testimony was accurate when He revealed that cosmologically, time began the moment energy became matter. Before the conversion of energy to matter, time did not, and could not, exist. In fact, Yahweh’s suggestion that the “material realm was formless and orderless” initially, syncs with current scientific thought, whereby matter is considered to be nothing more than an organized form of energy.
Also noteworthy, the Genesis account indicates that before Yahweh created the light energy which became the cosmos, there was a lifeless, purposeless, void. Scientists are in lock-step, confirming that before the Big Bang, there were no physical laws, no matter, or life—only a powerful source of energy. Furthermore, we now know that the inception of the universe was incredibly chaotic. In the beginning, light was literally separated from darkness. Photons broke free as electrons were liberated. But even today light remains supreme; there are a billion photons in the universe for every particle of matter. God’s testimony, “Let there be light and there was light” is consistent with our observable reality.
According to scientists, the universe began fifteen billion years ago (plus or minus two billion years) from our perspective on earth looking back, and it was spawned just six days ago from the perspective of the Creator at the time and place of creation according to His Genesis testimony. Both suggest that the first universal epoch, that of initial galactic formation, lasted seven to eight billion years from our vantage point, which is one twenty-four-hour day measured from the relative position of creation, looking forward. So how is that possible, you may be wondering?
Light, the subject of the first day, is the eternal timekeeper. Its wave aspect allows man to measure time anywhere, even near the place where time began. But to appreciate this we must first understand what time is. And for that, the best place to turn is to Albert Einstein. He brought forth the Theory of General Relativity which establishes the relationship between light, mass, energy, space, and time. He was the first to discover that the rate at which time passes is not the same at all places. Differences in mass and velocity radically affect the rate at which time flows. This aspect of the General Theory of Relativity has been so thoroughly verified that it is considered to be an established physical law. The only aspects of relativity in dispute are those related to quantum mechanics—to the lack of cause and effect, even certainty, at the subatomic level, and whether gravity is a force or an effect (of the bending the fabric of space-time). But when it comes to the realization that time is a dimension, not a constant, and that its rate of flow is relative, there is no dispute.
The pace of time at a location with greater mass, energy, or velocity is slower than at a place with diminished mass, energy, or velocity. We can confirm this shift by measuring the two parts per million a light wave is stretched emanating in the presence of the greater mass of the sun relative to a light wave generated on earth. The sun’s clock runs 2.12/1,000,000 slower than earth’s, losing 67 seconds a year relative to a terrestrial timepiece. But the sun is only marginally more massive than the earth, especially compared to creation—to the concentration of energy and mass required to create 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 suns (100 billion galaxies each averaging 100 billion stars). And that’s just the known universe, representing a scant four percent of the total (96% of the energy and mass in the cosmos is considered “dark” because its nature is unknown to us).
Fortunately, we don’t have to guess the rate time flowed in these conditions. The measurement is screaming out to us in one form, it is observable in a second medium, it is calculable in a third, and the rate is deducible in a fourth venue. The pace time flowed at creation cries out from the entire universe in photon radiation in the form of cosmic microwave background (CMB)—an elongated part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The CMB is a measure of the residual heat left over from the time photons were first freed to travel—about 300,000 years after the Big Bang. Discovered at the Bell Labs by Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias in 1965, cosmic microwave background radiation is the residue of the aftermath of creation, and thus provides us with a cosmic clock calibrated to a time close to the first day of Genesis. The CMB wavelength is stretched approximately one million million fold, suggesting that genesis time flowed slower by a factor of 1012. More on this in a moment...
A second glimpse of the Creator’s clock can be gleaned by observing the red shift, or lengthening of wavelengths emitted from the oldest and most distant sources of light and comparing this expansion to the rate the universe has and is growing. To understand this, we turn to professor Peebles who was named the Albert Einstein Professor of Science at Princeton University. In his textbook, The Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton University Press), Philip Peebles, who has established himself as the world’s foremost authority on cosmology, explains that when the universe was small, it was doubling very rapidly. But as the cosmos grew, the time required to double in size got exponentially longer. He, concurring with most all cosmological texts, quotes 1012 as the average rate of expansion. This yields a general relationship between genesis time and time today, indicating that they are different by a factor of one million million.
This concept is fairly simple: when space was stretched, so were the wavelengths within it. The red shift, or stretching due to the expansion of space, is commonly observed in astronomical data, and it now confirms that time originally flowed a trillion times slower than it does today.
The calculable, and third, insight into creation’s clock, and how it differs from ours today, is found by dividing the temperature of quark confinement, when light energy could be successfully transformed into matter (10.9 x 1012 Kelvin) following the Big Bang, by today’s universal temperature of 2.73 degrees Kelvin (the measure of the CMB). This ratio enables us to compare the amount of energy concentrated near the point of creation with that which currently exists. This is relevant because, the more energy which is present, the slower time moves. The resulting calculation serves to confirm that our clock runs 0.399 x 1012 (399,000,000,000) faster than the Creator’s clock at the genesis.
To bring this all together, I am going to refer to, and on occasion paraphrase, a work called The Science of God by Gerald Schroeder, a man with doctoral degrees in nuclear physics and earth science from M.I.T. His book serves to present relativity, quantum mechanics, biology, and probability in simple, easy to understand terms. He not only deduced a similar exponential, he was the first to compare creation’s clock to the Genesis account. His reasoning can be summarized as follows: the wavelength of what we now observe as cosmic microwave background radiation was stretched during the inflationary period, at the outset of time, in the first seconds of the first day. At creation, energy transitioned into matter consistent with Einstein’s E = mc2, with c being the speed of light multiplied by itself, requiring an enormous amount of energy to form a relatively tiny accumulation of matter. This initial transition from energy to substance occurred when the universe was a million-million times smaller and hotter than it is today. We know that this is the point when time began because time only takes hold when matter forms. From the relative perspective of photon/wave energy, time literally stands still.
The MIT-trained nuclear physicist went on to say that according to the measurements taken in the most advanced physics laboratories, the temperature, and thus frequency, of radiation at the instant of creation was 1012 times hotter than the 2.73o K we now observe in the black of space. Since the Big Bang temperatures were a trillion times hotter, or more energy-intense than today’s observed CMB, it means that the electromagnetic wavelength must have been a trillion times shorter than it is now at its present trillion-times-lower temperature.
The higher the temperature, the higher the frequency of the wave, and the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength must be. Girded with this knowledge, we can use recent nuclear laboratory calculations to deduce that the CBM is stretched by a factor of approximately 1012, or 1,000,000,000,000 to one—slowing the cosmic clock at creation relative to earth by that amount.
Therefore on average, these four measurements serve to confirm that one day in the Creator’s life at creation would seem like 0.9 x 1012 days to us. And none of this should be surprising since Yahweh consistently equates His nature to light, and since we now know that at the velocity of light, time stands still. Eternity only exists in the presence of the Light.
Before we examine the calculations calibrating genesis time to our own to ascertain how God and man can both be accurate and yet differ, let’s take a moment to explore some of the cosmological assumptions which have led us to our current state of awareness. To begin, cosmologists contend that a concentration of energy at the initiation of the universe produced electromagnetic waves, or photons, that were forged as the explosion cooled sufficiently to permit matter to form. Persisting to this day, the photons have traveled out in all directions. The thermal soup of quarks, electrons, and photons decreased in temperature rapidly, falling from 1013 degrees Kelvin to one billion degrees after the first few minutes (a temperature still 67 times hotter than the sun’s core). Three hundred thousand years later, as universal energy and density dispersed and dissipated, atoms began to coalesce into gas clouds which later evolved into stars. Moving forward to today we find that the black body temperature of space has fallen to 2.73 Kelvin—hovering ever so slightly above absolute zero. This temperature is the remnant of the primordial fireball which is discernable through the stretching of the electromagnetic wavelength.
Visible light lies in the center of the nearly infinite range of electromagnetic waves, also known as traveling packets of energy. This physical phenomenon occurs when an electric field couples with a perpendicular magnetic field. Lengths and frequencies of photon energy vary, but not speeds, at least in a vacuum. All forms of radiant energy, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave and radio waves, are manifestations of the same thing and they all travel at the same speed—a pace so extreme that from their perspective, time slows to the point that it no longer moves.
The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation determines whether it falls within our range of vision. We see wavelengths of approximately 0.00007 centimeters as red and 0.00004 cm as violet at the other extreme of the visible spectrum. By contrast, a microwave produces waves that are 10.0 cm long, while gamma rays from radioactive materials can be as short as 0.000000001 cm. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the wave frequency and energy. A gamma-ray photon, for example, packs billions of times more energy than an infra-red photon. This is important because the energy we measure as CMB was emitted as gamma rays (10-11 cm), but are now elongated microwaves (10 cm), indicating that they have stretched a million million fold—confirming our 1012 exponential once again.
As an interesting aside, while we can only feel infrared light and see visible light I believe that our senses will be more receptive in our eternal state. We may be able to see and feel things that currently lay well beyond our current limitations. To quote Scripture, “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know fully just as I have been fully known.” (1 Corinthians 13:12) What I’m hinting at here is that I think the universe may be comprised of seven dimensions, not just the four we vaguely perceive today, and that dark matter and energy are essential components of these things.
Once we recognize that the CMB is little more than a uniform sea of photons left over from the hot early phase of the universe immediately after quark confinement, we are confronted with a singular plausible explanation for having this uniform CMB radiation exist throughout the universe with such a precise spectrum. It had to be generated at a time when the cosmos was much hotter and denser than it is now. Hence the CMB spectrum is essentially incontrovertible evidence that the universe experienced a hot Big Bang stage (that’s not to say that we understand the initial instant, just that we know the universe used to be vastly more energy intense and massively dense—expanding, becoming less dense, and cooling ever since).
It is therefore certain, that the early universe was very hot. The temperature was approximately 4 × 1072 ergs. An erg is a unit of energy equivalent to 10-7 joules, the energy required to exert a force of one newton a distance of one meter. This means that creation was 1012 times hotter than the universe is today on average.
There was so much energy around at the time, scientists speculate that pairs of particles and anti-particles were continually being created and annihilated. This annihilation was translated into packets of light, known as photons. But as the universe expanded and the temperature fell, particles and anti-particles (quarks and the like) annihilated each other for the last time, and the energies became low enough that they couldn’t be recreated again. For reasons still not understood today, the early cosmos had about one part in a billion more particles than anti-particles. So when all the anti-particles had annihilated their counterparts, that left about a billion photons for every particle of matter. And that’s the way the universe exists today, with light remaining dominant.
Now that we have some familiarity with the elements which comprise the coefficient of variance between our clock and the Creator’s, let’s examine how long this timepiece has been running. Here, Hubble’s law has great significance because it quantifies the expansion of the universe and thus can be used to calculate its age. The time elapsed since the Big Bang is a function of the present value of Hubble’s constant and its rate of change. Astronomers have determined the approximate rate of expansion, but no one has yet been able to measure the second value precisely. Still, one can estimate rate of change within the context of the universe’s average density. Since gravity exerts a force which opposes expansion, galaxies should be moving apart more slowly now than they did in the past. The rate of change in expansion is therefore related to the gravitational pull of the universe as a result of its average density. If the density is that of the visible material in and around galaxies, the age of the universe is between 12 and 18 billion years—a range which allows for the uncertainty in the rate of expansion.
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe recently provided an estimate of 13.7 billion years. That is a bit suspicious for two reasons. First, the density of the universe isn’t remotely equivalent to “the visible material in and around galaxies.” Along these lines, this very same satellite confirmed that 96% of the energy/matter in the cosmos is unknown to us. This gravitationally repulsive dark energy has dramatic consequences for all aspects of fundamental physics, so it should have moved the age estimate to one outside of that anticipated by Hubble (12 to 18 billion years). Further, the universe is filled with a uniform sea of quantum zero-point energy, or a condensate of new particles that have a mass which is 10-39 times smaller than that of an electron. They should not be ignored.
The second reason for skepticism is that the cosmos cannot be younger than the material from which it is comprised. There is considerable evidence that many stars, even relatively close ones, are considerably older than 13.7 billion years. Many are considered to be more than 15 billion years old.
Apart from the Hubble red shift expansion model, and the Wilkinson CMB estimates, there are several other ways to evaluate the universe’s age. For example, the rate of cooling of white dwarf stars indicates the oldest stars in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy are about 9 billion years old. The stars in the halo of the Milky Way are somewhat older, about 15 billion years—a value derived from the rate of nuclear fuel consumption in their cores.
Additionally, the ages of the oldest known chemical elements in the cosmos are also approximately 15 billion years old according to radioactive dating techniques. Workers in laboratories have derived these age estimates from atomic and nuclear physics. It is noteworthy that their results agree with the age astronomers have derived by measuring cosmic expansion.
Now that we have evaluated some of the pieces to our puzzle—God’s big bang testimony, man’s Big Bang Theory, the age of the universe, the relative nature of time, and the role of photon energy in our genesis—it’s time to put it all together. The first conclusion should now be obvious. This discussion on the initiation of time, concentration of energy, inflationary stretching of space, and the transformation of light into matter, serves to corroborate Yahweh’s testimony. The Big Bang theory requires, and our observations confirm, that all of these things actually occurred during the cosmos’ birth. It is why Genesis 1:2 says the ruwach/Spirit of ‘elohiym/the Mighty One was paney/present rachaph/hovering over the tohu, bohu, and chosek—the lifeless, formless, void of darkness prior to the existence of visible ‘owr/light. And especially notable in this context is that one of rachaph’s most prevalent connotations is “agitation and rapid movement,” making everything God has said thus far consistent with the evidence. The second conclusion should now be intuitive. Based upon our analysis of the cosmic clock, Yahweh’s claim that the first universal epoch lasted one day is not in conflict with the scientific assertion that it required 7 to 8 billion years.
In support of this conclusion, consider the fact that while the various scientific methods for estimating of the age of our universe provide differing conclusions, they all fall within the same general magnitude. So while we cannot be dogmatic or assert that the scientific claims are precise, based upon our ability to measure it, looking back in time from the vantage point of earth, the universe can be reasonably assumed to be 15 billion years old plus or minus a billion years or so.
The creative days of Genesis, however, look forward, not back. Yahweh’s testimony was composed as an eyewitness, from the perspective of the Creator at creation, not from that of us on earth. The simple truth is that no matter how arrogant and self-reliant mankind chooses to be, our planet didn’t exist when the universe was formed, so our perspective and clock could not have been used.
With that in mind, let’s compare our clock to His. To do that we must multiply the 15,000,000,000 year estimated age of the cosmos by 365.25 days per year so that both clocks conform to the same unit of measure—that being “days.” 15,000,000,000 years x 365.25 days/year = 5,478,750,000,000 days (plus or minus 10%).
To coordinate this 5.5 trillion day period with creation’s clock, respecting the relativistic nature of time, we must divide this number of earth days since creation by the coefficient time was slowed at creation. Earlier, we deduced this number by averaging the results derived from the four methods from which it can be calculated. We discovered that Big Bang time ran 0.9 x 1012 (900,000,000,000) times slower than earth time does today.
So here is the math: 5,478,750,000,000 days (plus or minus 10%) divided by 900,000,000,000 equals: 6 days. From the vantage point of a witness to creation, existing at the point of inception, the whole process from start to finish took a length of time that equates to six, twenty-four hour, earth days.
“And thus the heavens and earth were finished...and on the seventh day God ended His work which He had made...” (Genesis 2:1-2)
This is not a cosmic coincidence. Yahweh’s timeline, His accounting, God’s 3,000-year-old written testimony, corresponds precisely with the evidence at our disposal. If that doesn’t get your attention and cause you to think that His Scriptures might be inspired, nothing will.
But we have only scratched the surface. With every layer and detail He adds, God proves that He knew how the universe was created, when it was created, and how and when life came to exist—because He was responsible. This then compels a singular informed and rational verdict: “In the beginning God created the universe, the spiritual world and also the material realm.”
The material realm (‘erets - the natural material of which the universe is comprised) exists (hayah) formless (tohu), as an orderless and empty void (bohu), obscured in darkness (chosek) along with (‘al - beside and together with) the presence (paniym) of the inaccessible and mysterious depths (tehowm - the abyss).” (Genesis 1:2)
There is a hint of science here. Tahowm is derived from huwm, meaning “great movement and noise.” Its most direct definition is “great explosion” or “big bang.” So, by using the term “Big Bang,” mankind’s most acclaimed competitive alternative to Genesis One, Yahweh is demonstrating that He has a sense of humor.
So what if I told you that I can mathematically prove the universe was created in six days; just as it is written in the Genesis acccount?
Read on!
Yahweh’s open letter to mankind began: “In (near, with, and in proximity to, regarding the account of) the beginning (at the start of time and the initiation of the process of existence, concerning first fruits and the head of the family), God (the Mighty One) accordingly created (performed a miracle, choosing perfect transformation and renewed birth, conceived, planned, prepared, and produced) the universe, the spiritual world (the heavens and the abode of stars) and also the material realm (matter, the physical and natural world). The material realm (the natural substance of which the universe is comprised, matter) exists formless, as an orderless and empty void, obscured in darkness along with (beside and together with) the presence of the inaccessible and mysterious depths (the abyss or lightless places). And the Spirit (ruwach) of God (‘elohym) washed, purified, and hovered over (quickly and rapidly moved) in accordance with (upon, concerning, beside, on behalf of, on account of, and together with) the presence of water.
“God said, ‘Let there be (exist) light, and light existed. God saw (perceived and regarded, appeared and presented Himself, became visible, found delight in, and distinguished that) the light was good (pleasant, cheerful, and agreeable; of a higher nature; beautiful, valuable, beneficial and prosperous). And God separated (divided and set apart) light from darkness (obscurity, that which shrouds in blackness, veils by withholding knowledge, imperfects and clouds revelation with ominous and sinister suggestions, concealing and mystifying by way of ignorance and confusion).” (Genesis 1:1-4)
God’s creative testimony was accurate when He revealed that cosmologically, time began the moment energy became matter. Before the conversion of energy to matter, time did not, and could not, exist. In fact, Yahweh’s suggestion that the “material realm was formless and orderless” initially, syncs with current scientific thought, whereby matter is considered to be nothing more than an organized form of energy.
Also noteworthy, the Genesis account indicates that before Yahweh created the light energy which became the cosmos, there was a lifeless, purposeless, void. Scientists are in lock-step, confirming that before the Big Bang, there were no physical laws, no matter, or life—only a powerful source of energy. Furthermore, we now know that the inception of the universe was incredibly chaotic. In the beginning, light was literally separated from darkness. Photons broke free as electrons were liberated. But even today light remains supreme; there are a billion photons in the universe for every particle of matter. God’s testimony, “Let there be light and there was light” is consistent with our observable reality.
According to scientists, the universe began fifteen billion years ago (plus or minus two billion years) from our perspective on earth looking back, and it was spawned just six days ago from the perspective of the Creator at the time and place of creation according to His Genesis testimony. Both suggest that the first universal epoch, that of initial galactic formation, lasted seven to eight billion years from our vantage point, which is one twenty-four-hour day measured from the relative position of creation, looking forward. So how is that possible, you may be wondering?
Light, the subject of the first day, is the eternal timekeeper. Its wave aspect allows man to measure time anywhere, even near the place where time began. But to appreciate this we must first understand what time is. And for that, the best place to turn is to Albert Einstein. He brought forth the Theory of General Relativity which establishes the relationship between light, mass, energy, space, and time. He was the first to discover that the rate at which time passes is not the same at all places. Differences in mass and velocity radically affect the rate at which time flows. This aspect of the General Theory of Relativity has been so thoroughly verified that it is considered to be an established physical law. The only aspects of relativity in dispute are those related to quantum mechanics—to the lack of cause and effect, even certainty, at the subatomic level, and whether gravity is a force or an effect (of the bending the fabric of space-time). But when it comes to the realization that time is a dimension, not a constant, and that its rate of flow is relative, there is no dispute.
The pace of time at a location with greater mass, energy, or velocity is slower than at a place with diminished mass, energy, or velocity. We can confirm this shift by measuring the two parts per million a light wave is stretched emanating in the presence of the greater mass of the sun relative to a light wave generated on earth. The sun’s clock runs 2.12/1,000,000 slower than earth’s, losing 67 seconds a year relative to a terrestrial timepiece. But the sun is only marginally more massive than the earth, especially compared to creation—to the concentration of energy and mass required to create 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 suns (100 billion galaxies each averaging 100 billion stars). And that’s just the known universe, representing a scant four percent of the total (96% of the energy and mass in the cosmos is considered “dark” because its nature is unknown to us).
Fortunately, we don’t have to guess the rate time flowed in these conditions. The measurement is screaming out to us in one form, it is observable in a second medium, it is calculable in a third, and the rate is deducible in a fourth venue. The pace time flowed at creation cries out from the entire universe in photon radiation in the form of cosmic microwave background (CMB)—an elongated part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The CMB is a measure of the residual heat left over from the time photons were first freed to travel—about 300,000 years after the Big Bang. Discovered at the Bell Labs by Robert Wilson and Arno Penzias in 1965, cosmic microwave background radiation is the residue of the aftermath of creation, and thus provides us with a cosmic clock calibrated to a time close to the first day of Genesis. The CMB wavelength is stretched approximately one million million fold, suggesting that genesis time flowed slower by a factor of 1012. More on this in a moment...
A second glimpse of the Creator’s clock can be gleaned by observing the red shift, or lengthening of wavelengths emitted from the oldest and most distant sources of light and comparing this expansion to the rate the universe has and is growing. To understand this, we turn to professor Peebles who was named the Albert Einstein Professor of Science at Princeton University. In his textbook, The Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton University Press), Philip Peebles, who has established himself as the world’s foremost authority on cosmology, explains that when the universe was small, it was doubling very rapidly. But as the cosmos grew, the time required to double in size got exponentially longer. He, concurring with most all cosmological texts, quotes 1012 as the average rate of expansion. This yields a general relationship between genesis time and time today, indicating that they are different by a factor of one million million.
This concept is fairly simple: when space was stretched, so were the wavelengths within it. The red shift, or stretching due to the expansion of space, is commonly observed in astronomical data, and it now confirms that time originally flowed a trillion times slower than it does today.
The calculable, and third, insight into creation’s clock, and how it differs from ours today, is found by dividing the temperature of quark confinement, when light energy could be successfully transformed into matter (10.9 x 1012 Kelvin) following the Big Bang, by today’s universal temperature of 2.73 degrees Kelvin (the measure of the CMB). This ratio enables us to compare the amount of energy concentrated near the point of creation with that which currently exists. This is relevant because, the more energy which is present, the slower time moves. The resulting calculation serves to confirm that our clock runs 0.399 x 1012 (399,000,000,000) faster than the Creator’s clock at the genesis.
To bring this all together, I am going to refer to, and on occasion paraphrase, a work called The Science of God by Gerald Schroeder, a man with doctoral degrees in nuclear physics and earth science from M.I.T. His book serves to present relativity, quantum mechanics, biology, and probability in simple, easy to understand terms. He not only deduced a similar exponential, he was the first to compare creation’s clock to the Genesis account. His reasoning can be summarized as follows: the wavelength of what we now observe as cosmic microwave background radiation was stretched during the inflationary period, at the outset of time, in the first seconds of the first day. At creation, energy transitioned into matter consistent with Einstein’s E = mc2, with c being the speed of light multiplied by itself, requiring an enormous amount of energy to form a relatively tiny accumulation of matter. This initial transition from energy to substance occurred when the universe was a million-million times smaller and hotter than it is today. We know that this is the point when time began because time only takes hold when matter forms. From the relative perspective of photon/wave energy, time literally stands still.
The MIT-trained nuclear physicist went on to say that according to the measurements taken in the most advanced physics laboratories, the temperature, and thus frequency, of radiation at the instant of creation was 1012 times hotter than the 2.73o K we now observe in the black of space. Since the Big Bang temperatures were a trillion times hotter, or more energy-intense than today’s observed CMB, it means that the electromagnetic wavelength must have been a trillion times shorter than it is now at its present trillion-times-lower temperature.
The higher the temperature, the higher the frequency of the wave, and the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength must be. Girded with this knowledge, we can use recent nuclear laboratory calculations to deduce that the CBM is stretched by a factor of approximately 1012, or 1,000,000,000,000 to one—slowing the cosmic clock at creation relative to earth by that amount.
Therefore on average, these four measurements serve to confirm that one day in the Creator’s life at creation would seem like 0.9 x 1012 days to us. And none of this should be surprising since Yahweh consistently equates His nature to light, and since we now know that at the velocity of light, time stands still. Eternity only exists in the presence of the Light.
Before we examine the calculations calibrating genesis time to our own to ascertain how God and man can both be accurate and yet differ, let’s take a moment to explore some of the cosmological assumptions which have led us to our current state of awareness. To begin, cosmologists contend that a concentration of energy at the initiation of the universe produced electromagnetic waves, or photons, that were forged as the explosion cooled sufficiently to permit matter to form. Persisting to this day, the photons have traveled out in all directions. The thermal soup of quarks, electrons, and photons decreased in temperature rapidly, falling from 1013 degrees Kelvin to one billion degrees after the first few minutes (a temperature still 67 times hotter than the sun’s core). Three hundred thousand years later, as universal energy and density dispersed and dissipated, atoms began to coalesce into gas clouds which later evolved into stars. Moving forward to today we find that the black body temperature of space has fallen to 2.73 Kelvin—hovering ever so slightly above absolute zero. This temperature is the remnant of the primordial fireball which is discernable through the stretching of the electromagnetic wavelength.
Visible light lies in the center of the nearly infinite range of electromagnetic waves, also known as traveling packets of energy. This physical phenomenon occurs when an electric field couples with a perpendicular magnetic field. Lengths and frequencies of photon energy vary, but not speeds, at least in a vacuum. All forms of radiant energy, gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave and radio waves, are manifestations of the same thing and they all travel at the same speed—a pace so extreme that from their perspective, time slows to the point that it no longer moves.
The wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation determines whether it falls within our range of vision. We see wavelengths of approximately 0.00007 centimeters as red and 0.00004 cm as violet at the other extreme of the visible spectrum. By contrast, a microwave produces waves that are 10.0 cm long, while gamma rays from radioactive materials can be as short as 0.000000001 cm. The shorter the wavelength, the higher the wave frequency and energy. A gamma-ray photon, for example, packs billions of times more energy than an infra-red photon. This is important because the energy we measure as CMB was emitted as gamma rays (10-11 cm), but are now elongated microwaves (10 cm), indicating that they have stretched a million million fold—confirming our 1012 exponential once again.
As an interesting aside, while we can only feel infrared light and see visible light I believe that our senses will be more receptive in our eternal state. We may be able to see and feel things that currently lay well beyond our current limitations. To quote Scripture, “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part, but then I shall know fully just as I have been fully known.” (1 Corinthians 13:12) What I’m hinting at here is that I think the universe may be comprised of seven dimensions, not just the four we vaguely perceive today, and that dark matter and energy are essential components of these things.
Once we recognize that the CMB is little more than a uniform sea of photons left over from the hot early phase of the universe immediately after quark confinement, we are confronted with a singular plausible explanation for having this uniform CMB radiation exist throughout the universe with such a precise spectrum. It had to be generated at a time when the cosmos was much hotter and denser than it is now. Hence the CMB spectrum is essentially incontrovertible evidence that the universe experienced a hot Big Bang stage (that’s not to say that we understand the initial instant, just that we know the universe used to be vastly more energy intense and massively dense—expanding, becoming less dense, and cooling ever since).
It is therefore certain, that the early universe was very hot. The temperature was approximately 4 × 1072 ergs. An erg is a unit of energy equivalent to 10-7 joules, the energy required to exert a force of one newton a distance of one meter. This means that creation was 1012 times hotter than the universe is today on average.
There was so much energy around at the time, scientists speculate that pairs of particles and anti-particles were continually being created and annihilated. This annihilation was translated into packets of light, known as photons. But as the universe expanded and the temperature fell, particles and anti-particles (quarks and the like) annihilated each other for the last time, and the energies became low enough that they couldn’t be recreated again. For reasons still not understood today, the early cosmos had about one part in a billion more particles than anti-particles. So when all the anti-particles had annihilated their counterparts, that left about a billion photons for every particle of matter. And that’s the way the universe exists today, with light remaining dominant.
Now that we have some familiarity with the elements which comprise the coefficient of variance between our clock and the Creator’s, let’s examine how long this timepiece has been running. Here, Hubble’s law has great significance because it quantifies the expansion of the universe and thus can be used to calculate its age. The time elapsed since the Big Bang is a function of the present value of Hubble’s constant and its rate of change. Astronomers have determined the approximate rate of expansion, but no one has yet been able to measure the second value precisely. Still, one can estimate rate of change within the context of the universe’s average density. Since gravity exerts a force which opposes expansion, galaxies should be moving apart more slowly now than they did in the past. The rate of change in expansion is therefore related to the gravitational pull of the universe as a result of its average density. If the density is that of the visible material in and around galaxies, the age of the universe is between 12 and 18 billion years—a range which allows for the uncertainty in the rate of expansion.
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe recently provided an estimate of 13.7 billion years. That is a bit suspicious for two reasons. First, the density of the universe isn’t remotely equivalent to “the visible material in and around galaxies.” Along these lines, this very same satellite confirmed that 96% of the energy/matter in the cosmos is unknown to us. This gravitationally repulsive dark energy has dramatic consequences for all aspects of fundamental physics, so it should have moved the age estimate to one outside of that anticipated by Hubble (12 to 18 billion years). Further, the universe is filled with a uniform sea of quantum zero-point energy, or a condensate of new particles that have a mass which is 10-39 times smaller than that of an electron. They should not be ignored.
The second reason for skepticism is that the cosmos cannot be younger than the material from which it is comprised. There is considerable evidence that many stars, even relatively close ones, are considerably older than 13.7 billion years. Many are considered to be more than 15 billion years old.
Apart from the Hubble red shift expansion model, and the Wilkinson CMB estimates, there are several other ways to evaluate the universe’s age. For example, the rate of cooling of white dwarf stars indicates the oldest stars in the disk of the Milky Way galaxy are about 9 billion years old. The stars in the halo of the Milky Way are somewhat older, about 15 billion years—a value derived from the rate of nuclear fuel consumption in their cores.
Additionally, the ages of the oldest known chemical elements in the cosmos are also approximately 15 billion years old according to radioactive dating techniques. Workers in laboratories have derived these age estimates from atomic and nuclear physics. It is noteworthy that their results agree with the age astronomers have derived by measuring cosmic expansion.
Now that we have evaluated some of the pieces to our puzzle—God’s big bang testimony, man’s Big Bang Theory, the age of the universe, the relative nature of time, and the role of photon energy in our genesis—it’s time to put it all together. The first conclusion should now be obvious. This discussion on the initiation of time, concentration of energy, inflationary stretching of space, and the transformation of light into matter, serves to corroborate Yahweh’s testimony. The Big Bang theory requires, and our observations confirm, that all of these things actually occurred during the cosmos’ birth. It is why Genesis 1:2 says the ruwach/Spirit of ‘elohiym/the Mighty One was paney/present rachaph/hovering over the tohu, bohu, and chosek—the lifeless, formless, void of darkness prior to the existence of visible ‘owr/light. And especially notable in this context is that one of rachaph’s most prevalent connotations is “agitation and rapid movement,” making everything God has said thus far consistent with the evidence. The second conclusion should now be intuitive. Based upon our analysis of the cosmic clock, Yahweh’s claim that the first universal epoch lasted one day is not in conflict with the scientific assertion that it required 7 to 8 billion years.
In support of this conclusion, consider the fact that while the various scientific methods for estimating of the age of our universe provide differing conclusions, they all fall within the same general magnitude. So while we cannot be dogmatic or assert that the scientific claims are precise, based upon our ability to measure it, looking back in time from the vantage point of earth, the universe can be reasonably assumed to be 15 billion years old plus or minus a billion years or so.
The creative days of Genesis, however, look forward, not back. Yahweh’s testimony was composed as an eyewitness, from the perspective of the Creator at creation, not from that of us on earth. The simple truth is that no matter how arrogant and self-reliant mankind chooses to be, our planet didn’t exist when the universe was formed, so our perspective and clock could not have been used.
With that in mind, let’s compare our clock to His. To do that we must multiply the 15,000,000,000 year estimated age of the cosmos by 365.25 days per year so that both clocks conform to the same unit of measure—that being “days.” 15,000,000,000 years x 365.25 days/year = 5,478,750,000,000 days (plus or minus 10%).
To coordinate this 5.5 trillion day period with creation’s clock, respecting the relativistic nature of time, we must divide this number of earth days since creation by the coefficient time was slowed at creation. Earlier, we deduced this number by averaging the results derived from the four methods from which it can be calculated. We discovered that Big Bang time ran 0.9 x 1012 (900,000,000,000) times slower than earth time does today.
So here is the math: 5,478,750,000,000 days (plus or minus 10%) divided by 900,000,000,000 equals: 6 days. From the vantage point of a witness to creation, existing at the point of inception, the whole process from start to finish took a length of time that equates to six, twenty-four hour, earth days.
“And thus the heavens and earth were finished...and on the seventh day God ended His work which He had made...” (Genesis 2:1-2)
This is not a cosmic coincidence. Yahweh’s timeline, His accounting, God’s 3,000-year-old written testimony, corresponds precisely with the evidence at our disposal. If that doesn’t get your attention and cause you to think that His Scriptures might be inspired, nothing will.
But we have only scratched the surface. With every layer and detail He adds, God proves that He knew how the universe was created, when it was created, and how and when life came to exist—because He was responsible. This then compels a singular informed and rational verdict: “In the beginning God created the universe, the spiritual world and also the material realm.”
The material realm (‘erets - the natural material of which the universe is comprised) exists (hayah) formless (tohu), as an orderless and empty void (bohu), obscured in darkness (chosek) along with (‘al - beside and together with) the presence (paniym) of the inaccessible and mysterious depths (tehowm - the abyss).” (Genesis 1:2)
There is a hint of science here. Tahowm is derived from huwm, meaning “great movement and noise.” Its most direct definition is “great explosion” or “big bang.” So, by using the term “Big Bang,” mankind’s most acclaimed competitive alternative to Genesis One, Yahweh is demonstrating that He has a sense of humor.
